随着 Official Guide (OG)雅思官方指南在今年 3 月的上市,雅思考试也终于迎来了一 本正真意义上的考题指南,对于接下来几年的雅思考试有一个极具权威的指导和预判作用。 通过对 OG 的题型配比的分析,配对题型占据着较大的比重。而在 2014 年雅思考试前三 个季度的考题梳理中,经典题型仍然延续着最高的出现率,(判断,摘要,配对,选择等), 而对文章细节理解要求较高的配对题比例明显上升。其中配对题出现了约 70 多次(约占 26%),涉及到专有名词配对(人名观点配对,地名事件配对),完成句子配对以及段落 细节配对等。所以能否解决该种题型是烤鸭们在雅思阅读中取得高分的一个重要保证! 接下来,笔者就对该种题型的出题类型,特点和解题策略做出详细阐述和论证。
一.剑桥系列 5-9 和 OG 中,配对题型占据较高比重:
1.在剑桥系列 5-9 中,配对题以较高的频率出现,对学生的细节掌控能力方面进行了细致 的考察。其中剑桥 5(25 个 5 篇),剑桥 6(34 个 7 篇),剑桥 7(27 个 5 篇),剑桥 8 (27 个 5 篇),剑桥 9(37 个 6 篇),合计 150 个 28 篇,排在第三位(第一位:判断题 245 个 46 篇;第二位:填空题 195 个 35 篇)。
2.在雅思官方指南 OG 八套学术类文章中,配对题考了 70 个 11 篇,首次超过判断题的数 量(53 个 10 篇),排在第二。(第一位:填空题 110 个)
判断题(T/F/NG ;Y/N/NG)
53 个(10 篇)
53 个(10 篇)
填空题
110 个
35.25%
list of headings
36 个
11.53%
段落从属关系匹配题
31 个
9.93%
人名观点配对
28 个
8.97%
句子配对
11 个
3.52%
单选
15 个
4.8%
5选2
16 个
5.12%
简答题 Short-Answer Qs
12 个
3.84%
不难看出,配对题型占据了所有题型的 22.42%。
二.配对题的出题特点和解题策略:
1-1 专有名词配对(人名观点配对,地名事件配对)特点:
特点 1:该种题型出题较为灵活,在文章中出现的位置不具有规律性,答案贯通全文,考察细节。
特点 2:该种题型在雅思阅读题目中定位非常容易,通过到原文中去查找专有的大写人名, 地名或其他表属性类别的词而定位。
特点 3:该种题型在题目的要求中常有出现 NB,如:NB you may use any location more than once.这就意味着选项中至少有一个会被选两次,而根据剑桥雅思真题,雅思官方指 南和历届考题,往往出现 NB 的情况,答案极有可能是有且只有一个选项会重复选两次, 少有可能是两个选项会被重复选两次(OG 无),在雅思历届题库中,极个别情况也会出现 一个选项被选三次。
1-2 专有名词配对(人名观点配对,地名事件配对)解题策略:
步骤 1:确定题目要求有无 NB
步骤 2:到原文中划出多有大写专有名词(人名,地点等),在做好标记。如,人名观点配 对,将人名 Brain Waldron 在原文章所有说的话标记记为“BW”,这样便可以很轻松确 定一个人会在原文中出现了几处表达观点的地方。
步骤:3:若题目为大写专有名词(人名,地点等,如剑桥 6T2P1Q11-13,剑桥 6T3P2Q25-27),则只需要到原文去相应找出对应的句子,不需要看选项,然后直接分析
句子;若选项为专有名词(人名,地点等,如 OG 中 T2P2Q20-23; T5P3Q31-35;T7P2Q19-22;T7P3Q33-36;剑桥 7T4P3Q35-40;剑桥 8T1P1Q5-8),则首先 将题目进行分析。分析题目遵循一定法则,如下:
1)划出题目中关键词:如 manufacturers must sell cleaner cars 中的 manufacturers 和 cleaner cars(剑桥真题系列);如 it will take considerable time for modern robots to match the ones we have created in the films and books.中的 robots ,films and books 和 will(OG 中 T2)
2)确定题目中是主观还是客观:(主语自己对自己,主语自己对别人,主语自己被别人)
主语自己对自己,如 women hold higher positions now than they used to.表示“女的 自己比自己”(剑桥真题系列)
主语自己对别人,如 the delayer of the management structure has halted the progress for women.表示”管理层裁员对女的“(剑桥真题系列)
主语自己被别人,如 women are not favored by the selection procedures.表示”女的 被选择程序 ”(剑桥真题系列);Divers will be charged according to the road they use. 表示“司机被别人收钱“(剑桥真题系列)
3)注意方向一致性:时间、频率、大小、好坏、数量、等级(6 大方向),如 women has raised the level of grades.表示“等级水平”,the number of the women has doubled. 表示“数量”
4)注意:
时态(过去时态,将来时,特殊将来时 plan,dream,schedule,likely 等)
单复数
感情色彩(好、坏)
剑桥真题经典案例:
M if the point is made by Dr Marx
S if the point is made by Hilary Sears
A if the point is made by Ariane Berthoin Antal
20 Selection procedures do not favor women.
21 The number of female-run businesses is increasing.
22 Male applicants exceed female applicants for top posts.
23 Women hold higher positions now than they used to.
解析:首先该题型有三个人名,在原文中定位,
找出 Dr Marx 有三句：
Dr Elisabeth Marx from London-based NB Selection described the findings as encouraging for women, in that they send a positive message to them to apply for interesting management positions .
Dr Marx added,”we should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.”
Dr Marx said that when women apply for positions they tend to be better qualified than their male counterparts but are more selective and conservative in their job search.
找出 Dr Hilary Sears 有三句:
Hilary sears said,”women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through the barriers to the top.
Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to.
Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.
找出 Ariane Berthoin Antal 有两句:
Ariane Berthoin Antal ,director of the International Institute for Organisational Change of Archamps in France ,said that there is only anecdotal evidence of changes in recruitment patterns.
And Ariane said, “it is still so hard for women to even get on the shortlist -there are so many hurdles and barriers
其次,分析四个题目:20题Selection procedures do not favor women.表示”外界对 女“,并且do not favor women表示”不好的感情色彩”; 21题The number of female-run businesses is increasing。表示“女人自己对自己”且number和increasing 表示“数字”且“增加“;22题Male applicants exceed female applicants for top posts. 表示”男的对女的“ 且exceed表示”数字“,top posts表示 ”高级职位“。23题Women hold higher positions now than they used to.表示”女人自己对自己“ 且”higher positions”表示“等级”
